' In this transfer application filed under section 25-A of the West Pakistan Family Courts Act, 1964 the petitioner (wife) seeks the transfer of a suit filed by the respondent (husband) for restitution of conjugal rights which is now pending in the Court of a Family Judge at Lahore, to a Family Courts at Lyalpur where an earlier suit filed b her for dissolution of the parties marriage in pending.
2. The grounds taken in the petition can be divided into two categories one, wherein an attempt has been male to show that the Lyallpur Court is competent to adjudicate upon the matrimonial disputes between the parties and not the Lahore Court, and two, that it is in the interest of justice (keeping in view the fact that the wife had filed the dissolution suit earlier and further that according to her the restitution suit is a counter-bats) and her convenience and also, it would be unsafe for her, a lady, to conduct the case of Lahore where she would feel unprotected.
3. After hearing both the learned counsel at some length qua the convenience and apprehensions expressed by the petitioner (wife) and after taking due note of the fact that the wife filed the suit earlier in time, on merits I came to the conclusion that it is a fit case for transfer of the suit for restitution of conjugal rights filed by the respondent (husband) at Lahore to the Family Court at Lyallpur trying the suit for dissolution of marriage filed by the petitioner (wife), with further observation that both might be consolidated as, admittedly most of the issues in both the suits would be the same. However, before announcing the order a question arose as to the effect of the petitioner having challenged the competency of the Lahore Family Court to try the restitution suit the transfer of which is the subject-matter of this petition.
4. It was held in Mst. Razia Shaft v. Major M. S. Malik (1) that unless the Court from which a civil matter is sought to he transferred under section 24 of the C. P. C. Has jurisdiction and competence to try the same, the transferring Court would have no jurisdiction to transfer the case. Several ea.
Tier cases are mentioned in the said ruling. The ratio decidendi appears to be that unless a case is "validity" pending before the Court from which it is to be transferral, the provisions of section 24, C.
P. C. Would not be attracted presumably, because in sub-clauses (a) an (b) thereof the expression "proceedings pending" has been used. The present application is under section 25-A of the West Pakistan Family Courts Act. It roads as follows "25-A. Transfer of cases.-- Notwithstanding anything contained in any law the High Court may, either on the application of any party or of its own accord, by an order in writing :- (a)Transfer any suit or proceeding under this Act from one Family Court to another Family Court in same district or from a Family Court of one district to a Family Court of another district, and (b)Transfer any appeal or proceeding under this Act from the District Court of one district to the District Court of another district.
(2) A District Court may either on the application of any party or of its own accord, by an order in writing, transfer any suit or proceeding (1) PLD 1971 SC 247. Under this Mt from one Family Court to another Family Court In a district or to itself and dispose it of as a Family Court.
(3) Any Court to which a suit, appeal or proceeding is transferred under the preceding subsections shall, notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, have the jurisdiction to dispose it of in manner as if it were instituted or filed before it i ' Provided that on the transfer of a suit, it shall not be necessary to commence the proceedings before the succeeding Judge de novo unless the Judge, for reasons to be recorded in writing directs otherwise.
' It is necessary here for the purpose of comparison to reproduce section 24 of the Civil Procedure Code as well. It reads as under 1- "24. General power of transfer and withdrawal. - (1) On the application of any of the patties and after notice to the parties and after hearing such of them as desire to be hoard, or of its own motion without such notice, the High Court or the District Court may at any stage-
(a) transfer any suit, appeal or other proceeding pending before it for trial postal to any Court subordinate to it and competent to try or dispose of the same, or
(b) withdraw any suit, appeal or other proceeding pending in any Court subordinate to it, and
(i) try or dispose of the same, or
(ii) transfer the same for trial or disposal to any Court subordinate to it and competent to try or dispose of the same, or ' We retransfer the same for trial or disposal to the Court from which it was withdrawn.
(2) Where any suit or proceeding have been transferred or withdrawn under subsection (I) the Court which thereafter tries suit may, subject to any special direction s in the case of an order of transfer, either retry it or proceed from the point at which it was transferred or withdrawn.
(3) For the purposes of this section, Courts of Additional and Assistant Judges shall be deemed to be subordinate to the District Court.
(4) The Court trying any suit transferred or withdrawn under this section from a Court of small causes shall, for the purposes of such suit, be deemed to be a Court of small causes."
5. The comparison of the two provisions would show that the Legislature, in its wisdom, while enacting section 25-A of the Family Courts Act, has intentionally omitted to use the word "pending" in clauses (a) and (b) of the said section which otherwise is part material with section 24, C. P. C. It can be legitimately presumed that the language of the two provisions being generally similar, it is quite possible that when enacting section 25-A, the language of section 24, C. P. C. Was kept in view. The Legislature can, in proper cause, be presumed to have known the latest position of the precedent law on the subject of a particular legislation. The question of lack of jurisdiction of a Court as a ground vis-a-vis the competency of the transferring Court. As already noted, has been the subject-matter of considerable case-law. It despite what has been stated above, the Legislature chose to Courts Act it must be intentional and with the purpose, namely, omit the use of the word" "pending" in enacting section 25-A of the 0 Family Court Widening the scope of transfer proceeding. It is legitimate further to presume that it was in view of the interpretation in several rulings of the language used in section 24, C. P. C. That the Legislature thought it fit not only to exclude the use of word "pending" but also to add subsection (3) a new provision in section 25-A.
The clear purpose was to confer powers on the transferring and transferee Courts, in those cases as well whore the jurisdiction and competency of the Court trying the matter (from which it is sought to be transferred) is challenged in the transfer application. Moreover the Legislature must have kept in view the incalculable harm which could be caused to family set-up, in case of conflicting judgments on same, issues by different Courts. It appears, a salutary remedial measure has been taken. Thus, in view of this distinguishing feature qua the language used in section 25-A of the Family Courts Act the cases under section 24 of the C. P. C. Dealing with the question in issue, would not he applicable. Accordingly I, with respect, would treat the ruling in the case of Mst. Rada Shaft distinguishable and not attracted.
6. It may be 'mentioned that the learned counsel for the respondent also cited S. Zahid All v. Mst.
Mubarak Bano (1) to contend that it is not a fit case for transfer. The provisions contained in section 25-A of the Family Courts Act were not before their Lordships nor the questions involved in this case were considered in the said case Moreover, even on merits, the question of transfer was not decided on the reported judgment which was delivered on a reference mate by the learned Chief Justice to a Division Bench on the question of constitutional supervisory jurisdiction of the High Court to transfer cases. After exercising the reference, case was sent back to the learned Chief Justice for decision of the application on merit i. As to what was the decision thereafter is not shown in the report. In every way, the said case is clearly distinguishable.
7. As I have decided to transfer the case on grounds other than those relating to the competency of the Lahore Court, I consider it unnecessary to go into the question of jurisdiction and competency.
Otherwise too, in the circumstances of the case when parties have not yet adduced evidence, I would not like to make any comment on the factual questions connected with the ground of jurisdiction and competency. The suit for restitution of conjugal rights pending in the Court of Mr. F.
H. Khalid Judge Family Court, Lahore is transferred on the grounds mentioned in pars. 3 above, to the Court of Family Judge, Lyallpur wherein the suit for dissolution of marriage filed by the petitioner is now pending. It is also observed that the learned Family Judge, at Lyallpur may consider the question of consolidation of the two suits in accordance with law. With the above order and observation, this application is allowed but there shall be no order as to costs.
(1) PLD 1076 Kar. 68 n