' CH. EJAZ YOUSAF, J.--- By this petition section 34 of the Drugs Act (XXXI of 1976) (hereinafter referred to as "The Act") has been challenged as repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam as ordained by the Holy Qura'n and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.).
2. Sh. Khizar Hayat, Advocate for the petitioner has contended that section 34 of the Act is patently in conflict with the Injunctions of Islam inasmuch as it provides that if an offence under "The Act" is committed by a company, corporation, firm or an institution, then its directors, managing agents and employees shall be automatically presumed to be guilty of such an offence unless they prove otherwise. He maintained that by way of section 34 onus of proof has wrongly been placed upon an accused, although contrary thereto, Shari'ah has placed burden of proof of the guilt of an accused, upon the prosecution. Reliance has been placed on Ayat No,282 of Sura-e-AlBaqra, Ayat No,135 of Sura-e-AI-Nisa, two Ahadith of Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) from Sahih Bukhari at Serial No,766 at pp.672, 673 and serial No,787 at p.704.
3. The learned counsel for the petitioner has further tried to canvass that since in the preamble of the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 (hereinafter referred to as "the Order"), it has been provided that "the Order" has been enforced to bring the law of evidence in conformity with the Injunctions of Islam as laid down in the Holy Qura'n and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) and Article 117 of the said Order also provides that the onus of proof lies on the plaintiff or the prosecution, therefore, contrarily demanding the proof of innocence from the accused by raising a presumption against him of being guilty, is violative of the esteemed commands of the Holy Qur'an and Sunnah. It is further his case that since the terms of company, corporation, firm and an institution used in the impugned section (though have not been defined in "the Act") carry the meaning of its proprietors, shareholders, partners and chief executive only, therefore, the employees or agents of a company cannot be deemed as covered by the definition or meanings of a company or corporation etc. Nor are they responsible for the acts and omissions done by the company or corporation etc. Within the purview of section 34 of "the Act".
4. In order to supplement his contention he has referred to the definitions of a company, corporation, firm and an institution as provided in Black's Law Dictionary, 5th Edn. At pp.179, 224, 307, 308 and 576, Benin Tines Law Dictionary at pp.232, 275, 476, 640 and Qanuni Lughat by Dr. Tanzeel- ur-Rahman at pp.139, 162, 245 and 297. With reference to the above, he maintained that the term, company, corporation, firm and an institution used in the impugned section 34 of "the Act" are meant to be the properties of their directors, proprietors, shareholders, partners and executives only, and as such, the employees or agents thereof cannot be deemed to be a company or corporation etc. He has further contended that since in the impugned section the employees or agents of the company, corporation, firm and an institution are also liable for criminal action, therefore, "section 34" is also repugnant to the Qura'nic Verdict contained in Aayah 160 and 164 of Sura-e-Al-Anaam, Aayah 15 of Sura-e-AI-Jasia, Aayah 120 of Sura-e-Al-Nahal, Aayah 286 of Sura- e-Baqara, Aayah 25 of Sura-e-Al-Saba, Aayah 21 of Sura-e-Toor, Aayah 39 of Sura-eAl-Assafat, Aayah 46 of Sura-e-Sajda, Aayah 20 of Sura-e-Hashr, Aayah 5 of Sura-e-Al-Anaam, Aayah 19 of Sura-e-Al-Fatir and Aayah 58 of Sura-eAl-Momin.
5. Before dealing with the proposition in hand it would be advantageous to reproduce hereinbelow section 34 of "the Act" which reads as follows:-- "Section 34. Offences by companies, etc.--- Where the person guilty of an offence under this Act, is a company, corporation, firm or institution, every director, partner and employee of the company corporation, firm or institution shall, unless he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or consent, be guilty of the offence."
6. Having been called upon to show, as to how an action under section 34 of "the Act" against its directors, partners and employees of a company or corporation etc. Is repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam; in presence of the condition precedent that, before initiation of action thereunder, it would be obligatory for the prosecution to prove that the company or corporation etc. Was in fact guilty of an offence, under the Act, the learned counsel for the petitioner candidly conceded that he does not challenge section 34 of "the Act" as a whole and has no grievance so far it provides for initiation of action against directors, partners and employees of a company or corporation etc., however, submitted that since, in view of his referred arguments, "employees of company or corporation etc. Cannot be made responsible for the acts of a company etc., therefore, they may be declared to be immuned from the mischief of section 34 of "the Act".
7. It appears that the above argument has been advanced by the learned counsel for the petitioner under a misconception because by conceding that proceedings can legitimately be drawn under the impugned section, against directors, partners and shareholders of a company or corporation etc., the learned counsel for the petitioner has himself admitted that nothing in section 34 of "the Act", is repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam. His only grievance is that "employees" of a company, corporation, firm or institution are not responsible for the acts done and offences committed by a company or corporation etc.
8. No doubt, though, companies or corporations etc. Are distinct and separate legal entities from its employees yet, it cannot be presumed that employees thereof are not responsible for, anything wrong done by them, or an "offence" committed under "the Act", because law provides that at times, different persons, while sharing common intention, abetting or facilitating or cooperating with each other in prosecution of a common object or otherwise, with or without knowledge even, may be responsible, for the offence. Reference for instance, may be made to the cases falling under sections 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 109 of the P.P.C.
9. To our mind, the impugned section, in fact is a shield against straightaway initiation of action against employees of a company or corporation etc. Because, before being found guilty, they are compulsorily required to be called upon to show, that the offence was committed by the company etc. Without their knowledge or consent, as in certain cases, offences may be found to have been committed by a company, corporation, firm, or an institution with or without active connivance, help or abetment of their employees. Obviously, a Chemist employed in a pharmaceutical company who is fully aware that a particular drug, being or have been prepared by the company, does not contain therein the necessary ingredients, contrary to what is or has been reflected on the leaflet or label thereof or knows that the drug is either spurious, counterfeited adulterated or imitated cannot be equated with a Chowkidar of the company who is standing outside just to guard its premises.
10. Needless to point out that inclusion of the word "employees" in the ambit of the impugned section would rather keep them vigilant, and presumably they would not permit directors, partners or shareholders of the companies etc. To do anything wrong or contrary to law.
11. In view of above discussion, we are of the view that the petition is without any substance, which is accordingly dismissed.