1. ' These are two connected appeals against the judgment of Sessions Judge, Mianwali dated 28-2- 1983 whereby Mst. Itebar Jana was convicted under section 10 of Ordinance VII of 1979 and was sentenced to suffer six months' R. I. Plus 5 stripes and to pay fine of Rs, 3,000 or to suffer further six months' R. I. In default of the payment of the same. The appellant Noor Ahmad was also convicted under section 10 of the same Ordinance and was sentenced to suffer 7 years' R. I. Plus 10 stripes and to pay fine of Rs, 5,000 or to suffer fusther six months' R.
1. In default of the payment of fine. Half of the fine if realised was ordered to be paid to P. W. 9 Muhammad Aslam who was the husband of Mst. Itebar Jana. Noor Ahmad appellant who had also been charged under section 16 of the same Ordinance for the offence of abduction of Mst. Itebar Jana was acquitted of that charge by the same judgment.
2. The case started with a statement Exh. P. A. Made by Fazal-urRehman, P. W. 8 to P. W. 1 Syed Nisar Ali Shah, S.I., S.H.O. Of Police Station, Bhangi Khel on 5-8-1982 which was registered as an F.I.R. Exh.
2. PA/1 at the same police station by P. W. 4 Salabat Khan, H.C. The complainant stated that his brother Aslam had been married in 1974 with Mst. Itebar Jana. Since his brother Aslam was posted with Deer Scouts, therefore. Mst. Itebar Jana was alone and therefore, Noor Ahmad son of Khawaja Muhammad Khan Pathan had started visiting the house of Aslam and developed illicit relationship with Mst. Itebar Jana and abducted her about three years earlier for the purpose of committing zina. The complainant side was on their look out but they could not trace them. They were, however, told by Nazar Gul and Khani Sher that both Noor Ahmad and Mst. Itebar Jana were seen by them about 2-3 days earlier sitting in their house together on one charpai and one illegitimate child had been born out of their illicit relationship. The complainant also stated that he had verified the said information and came to know that they had in fact come to their house 2-3 days earlier but had again absconded. The photostat copy of nikahnama is appended to the statement.
3. The case was partly investigated by Syed Nisar Ali Shah, P.W. Who had recorded the statement of the complainant Exh. P.A. And got the same formally recorded as an F. I. R. In the police station. He took into possession the nikahnama between Mst. Itebar Jana and Aslam which is Exh. P.B. Vide a memo. Exh. P.C. He examined the prosecution witnesses. He had also seen the original nikahnama which was Exh. P.D.
4. P.W. 2 Kifayatullah had done partial investigation by examining Muhammad Abdullah Khan Secretary Union Council, Tabi Sar. Rest of the investigation was made by P.W. 10 Mehram Khan from 7-8-1982. He drew the site plan Exh. P. F. And examined P.Ws. He arrested Noor Ahmad at Bus Stand Bhangi Khel on 4-9-1982. He also prepared site plan of the recovery of the abductee Mst. Ltebar Jana which is Exh. P.G. And is dated 4-9-1982. He got the appellant Noor Ahmad examined by Medical Officer on 5-9-1982. Mst. Itebar Jana was got examined from Medical Officer at Khoshab on 7-9-1982. Mst. Ltebar Jana was formally arrested. He examined Aslam on 10-9-1982 and submitted the challan.
5. The case of the prosecution is based upon statements of P.W. 5 Nazar Gut and P.W. 6 Khani Sher both of whom made similar statements in Court and deposed that they had seen Mst. Itebar Jana and Noor Ahmad on a cot in the courtyard of the house of Noor Ahmad on 2nd or 3rd August last year and reported the matter to the complainant. They also stated that Mst. Ltebar Jana was abducted about three years ago. Both of them were cross-examined at length and were confronted with their statements in Court recorded earlier on 6-11-1982. In that statement P.W. 5 had stated that they had seen both the accused sitting on a charpai in the month of May. Since May and August are quite a long way from each other, therefore, the seeing together of the two appellants by P.Ws. Nazar Gul and Khani Sher appears to be doubtful. Moreover, Nazar Gul denied that his son Munir Khan had abducted the daughter of appellant Noor Ahmad, Mst. Rama. But this was admitted by Khani Sher in his cross-examination and therefore, Nazar Gul and Noor Ahmad could not be having good relationship with each other. Similarly P.W. 6 Khani Sher appears to be having animosity with Noor Ahmad inasmuch as he denied in cross-examination that Subedar Hanif brother of Noor Ahmad appellant had complained against him and as a result thereof his depot was bifurcated and half of it was given to Shahpur. But he was confronted with his statement made on 6-11-1982 where he had made a statement that on the complaint of Hanif brother of accused his depot was divided and half of the same was given to Shahpur. In these circumstances it would be very risky to rely upon the statements of P.W. 5 and P.W. 6 in support of the prosecution of zina. None of them had made any statement that he had seen the two appellants committing zina with each other.
6. I do not find any other statement from any person stating that he had actually seen the two appellants committing zina with each other. Complainant Fazal and P.W. Aslam do not even claim to be eye-witnesses of zina. What has been done is that the prosecution has proved clearly and the same has also been admitted by Mst. Itebar Jana that she was the duly wedded wife of P.W. 9 Muhammad Aslam. But this is neither here nor there and does not take the case of the prosecution any further because zina has to be proved in a positive way. I have already observed above that in the case of abduction the appellant Noor Ahmad was acquitted and it is, therefore, abundantly clear that abduction has not been proved against him. I have also scrutinised the evidence of the P.Ws. And I find that the learned trial Court was more than justified in acquitting Noor Ahmad from the case of abduction as no one had made any definite statement that he had seen Noor Ahmad taking away Mst. Itebar at any time.
7. The learned trial Judge has relied heavily upon the statement of C. W. Sahib Jan who is Chowkidar of three villages and who maintains the register of births. He has produced copy of the birth register make as C. W. l IA where it is shown that a boy Javed Akhtar Khan was born out of Mst.
3. Itebar Jana on 5-4-1980 but the name of the father is not shown. The name of the mid-wife is, however, shown as Maloocha. This Sahib Khan deposed that he had entered the child as a bastard or "Harami" in view of the fact that Mst. Itebar Jana was with Noor Ahmad for about 8-9 months. In cross-examination he admitted that he did not write the name of Aslam, P.W. As the father of Javed Khan because he had contacted Piavi Khan brother of Aslam, P.W. Who had said that it was not the son of Aslam. Piavi Khan had also told him that the child was not of his brother, he was illegitimate child and should be described as such. It is, therefore, obvious that Sahib Khan has deposed on the basis of information conveyed by Piavi Khan the brother of P.Ws. Aslam and Fazal- ur Rehman and therefore, he has not deposed on the basis of his own information. He admitted at the end that he had written so according to his own ideas and investigation. Obviously the ideas and investigation do not amount to personal information. But this witness Sahib Jan has stated in his, cross-examination that Mst. Itebar Jana had been abducted about 8/9 months prior to the child birth. This admission on the part of this witness deals a fatal blow to the prosecution case that Javed Khan was an illegitimate child. The birth of Javed Khan after 8 or 9 months of the alleged abduction of Mst. Itebar Jana does not prove the he was an illegitimate child. After all the abduction has been disproved and even the timing of the abduction is not stated by any one in clear terms. If Mst. Itebar Jana was in the house of her husband before the child's birth then there is a presumption which has to be drawn in favour of the child Javed Khan to be the son of P.W. Aslant.
4. The maxim of Muslim Law is "child follows the bed". Our Supreme Court in the case of Mst. Hameeda Begum (1) has held as under:- "Under the Muhammadan Law, as in all civilised systems of law, the child follows the bed (firash), that is, the paternity of a child born in lawful wedlock is presumed to be in the husband of the mother without any acknowledgment of affirmation of parentage on his part and such child follows the status of the father. According to the Sunni schools the presumption of legitimacy is so strong that in cases where a child is born after six months from the date-of marriage and within two years after dissolution of the marital contract, either by the death of the husband or by divorce, a simple denial of paternity on the part of the husband would not take away the status of legitimacy from the child. Of course, presumption based on the bed is subject to the right of disavowal on the part of the husband far Want of access. This right has
(1) PLD 1975 SC 624 to be exercised in accordance with the custom of the locality either on the day of the child's birth or at the time of purchasing articles-necessary in view of its birth or during the period of rejoicing. If the husband is absent, he must disown the child immediately he is informed of its birth.
5. ' The shortest period of gestation, according to all the schools, is six months. If, therefore, a child is born within six lunar months of the marriage, no affiliation would take place unless the man acknowledges it to be his issue. In other words, it is the right of the man to legitimate a child born within this time by acknowledging expressly or impliedly that the conception took place in wedlock.
6. According to the Hanafis, contrary to the Shafi's, the husband is entitled to claim the child born in wedlock as his, even if he had no access to the wife."
7. Since this child Javed Khan was born on 5-4-1980 and Sahib Khan had admitted that the abduction was only 8 or 9 months before the birth of the child, therefore, Aslam had an access to his wife about 9 months before the birth of the chid and thus this would become a case where it could not be said with certainty that the child was not the son of Aslam and hence the case of commission of zina by Noor Ahmad with Mst. Itebar Jana which could have resulted in the procreation of Javed Khan was far from being correct. No one has even stated that he has actually seen the appellants living together at any time and whatever has been stated by P.Ws. 5 and 6 has been disbelieved by me. The net result is that there is no proof either of zina or even of living together by the two appellants.
8. Even the investigation officer Mehram Khan, P.W. 10 has failed to prove that on 4-9-1981 he had arrested the two appellants together and hence it cannot be said that they were together at the time of their arrest although the arrests took place on the same day.
9. The result is that the prosecution has failed to prove that the appellants have been committing zina with each other. In fact the allegation of the appellants living in the state of zina is clearly disproved from the report of the Chemical Examiner Exh.P.H. Which shows that the swabs were not stained with semen. This report was in respect of the swabs obtaine from the vegina of Mst. Itebar Jana by the W.M.O. Khoshab on 5-9-1982. This report has been filed by the prosecution itself and it clearly suggests that Mst. Itebar Jana has no intercourse with any one at least two weeks before 5- 9-1982. It is difficult to conceive that two persons who are alleged to be living together in adultery would remain away from each other for 14 days.
10. The net result is that the two appeals succeed and the conviction and sentence are set aside and the appellants are acquitted of the charge. Noor Ahmad shall be released forthwith if not required in any other case. Mst. Itebar Jana is on bail, her bail bonds are discharged.
8. PLD 1985 Federal Shariat Court 164 {{ARABIC TEXT}}..f (s)-ktyr ;IA; 4)41 - Last - trtor 0..j.1;411..y.
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(b) Constitution of Pakistan (1973)--- Art. 203- E ./.14 J) LT 203 Lr-r 11--Lsop:, LterfJ A. Is.- 463 S voc5173 Jil voc.5.1+;i4 Ltrej L).".4 zir)
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(e) Islamic Jurisprudence --Ijma`- 131 j.z..4 4S.1 e.11,11 (.4-4 ot.1 [p. 192])
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39. A ,;',". ,sr 1,4,5r ciri Jr _1i Cts;9.1 ro.k.-3 vtis. Zol 4-0 rd, J.1-1 - CISoh: (.4. c.4sr Z. z-)57 (wri : a (..)501 63)60 crt-t 44r.; ""'G4 Z. ij0.4e4 .))^:20' ru.4 c.)1:4.51 _ A Ll4 2 '1"*"0 LP'31 {{ARABIC TEXT}} "Since God has imposed on His Prophet the duty to obey His Communications to him, and He testified to his right guidance and imposed on men the duty to obey him, and since the Arab tongue, as already explained, may give a variety of meanings for each word so that some of the communications of the Book or general and intended to be particular and others particular and intended to be general, and some are general duties which the Apostle specified in the Sunnah a function which the Sunna fulfils in its relation to the Book, the Sunnah cannot be contradictory to the Book of God, but will always follow the Book of God, in conformity with His divine communication, and clarify on God's behalf the meaning intended by God, Thus the Sunnah always follows the Book of God".
40. (P D 1983 F SC 255 319) {{ARABIC TEXT}} Lr.^0 L3-24 J"*"'" (S. P.41.91: t.. l;?- 444 43-41 "From the perusal of the above quotations, it is crystal clear that Allah himself has given the highest status and position to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) which a human being can think of or imagine and the source of such status is the Holy Qur'an itself. Similarly while ordering to obey His own commandment, Allah has equally stressed to obey the commandments of his Holy Prophet (PBUH).
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138. (3)1/41I crILK)* Lt- ,-)u-srti L3)1/41,1 v*u..1 s7 ugt.t. r,tis _ 1 oh; {{ARABIC TEXT}} cr t"r I 0.'.?: vl. (.3.0 v.? '.5=-L4 revisions by the competent authorities. Therefore, it is advisable to consult the official sources or legal professionals for the most up-to-date and accurate information.